Promotion and Price Analysis Free Essays

The product chosen for its promotion campaign analysis is instant coffee Nescafe produced by Nestle. Before analyzing the promotion campaign, it is important to determine the target audience of Nescafe. In the major part coffee is usually preferred by both male and female at the age of   20 to 45 approximately. We will write a custom essay sample on Promotion and Price Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Children are usually not allowed to drink much coffee, since caffeine is believed to provoke special hyper reaction. Older people, in turn, are trying to avoid coffee because at this age they are taking special care for their health. Thus, the typical segmentation in the sector can be represented in the following way: Demographic characteristics: men and women from 20 to 45; single/married/married with children; elderly people who prefer decaffeinated coffee. Economic: low, middle and premium segments; Consumption habits: regular buyers, random buyers; those who prefer to drink coffee at coffee bars/ those who prefer to drink coffee at home / those who prefer take-outs;   those who prefer to drink coffee alone/ in a company; psychographical characteristics: people who lead active style of life/passive style of life; people who prefer status/price/taste/convenience; businessmen/students/working people. (Cateora, 1990, p.116) As for Nescafe its target segments are: 1. Married and married with children people who prefer to drink coffee alone at home and buy instant coffee on a regular basis. It is caused by the fact that those people are oftentimes busy and they do not have time to brew their coffee. Moreover, those who have children usually face the problem that if they leave the coffee in the coffee machine, their children might tempt to drink it. 2.Students who simply do not have coffee machines and prefer instantaneous coffee, which they can easily make at any given time. Thus, we can see that Nescafe is aimed for younger audience as its core segment.  Ã‚   Targeting the younger audience as its core segment, it is very important for the company with such a strong brand as Nescafe to distinguish the core values for this type of customers. Such values are individuality, independence, pleasure, self-confidence. Thus, the brand is positioned as the one, which has extraordinary taste that you want to enjoy every day. The slogan sounds like â€Å"Don’t let anyone prevent you from enjoying your favorite taste†. The company emphasizes both functional qualities of the product, as well as special feelings that it gives to the customers – pleasure, comfort, and the whole imaginary world that you want to enjoy over and over again. Nescafe is really aimed to be â€Å"Your favorite taste,† as another slogan states. Thus, we can see that Nescafe is professing more individualistic values. However, Nescafe is still perceived as a caring, charming brand, though it gives self-confidence and assures good taste. People choose this brand as they trust its long-standing reputation and think this brand is very reliable. Moreover, it is quite affordable as well. Since it cares about people, Nescafe, as it was mentioned before, presents something for everybody – a wide range of choice from different type of product to different sizes and prices. Having analyzed the positioning of Nescafe, it is easier to determine the key messages that are being delivered via different channels of communications. The first channel of communication is television with large-scale advertising. The key message that are being delivered is that Nescafe is a wonderful taste that needs to be enjoyed and enjoyed. Global commercial portraying woman in a peculiar garment trying to become unnoticed by her husband to be able to enjoy Nescafe alone is the best proof of that. Thus, we can see that brand managers of Nescafe are emphasizing physical qualities of the product, specifically its taste. However, the TV with its ability to show the wide range of colors, sounds and images is also chosen to make people feel and understand the sophistication of Nescafe’s taste. It was already mentioned that Nescafe is positioned as a premium segment coffee (despite subbrand Nescafe classic). That is why it is crucial to transmit to the audience the very special qualities, the originality of the brand. Thus, on of the original feature of Nescafe appears to be its sophistication, its elite taste. The commercial is trying to convey that if you drink Nescafe, it means that you belong to the chosen circle of people who have exceptional taste, namely elite. The second channel of communication is Internet. In fact, Nescafe has its own web-site separate from the site of the producer Nestle. Nescafe site was created in order to give its target audience ampful information about the product and the brand in particular. It has the description of all the existing types of Nescafe (subbrands), about the new products that appears in the product line. It also tells about the coffee as a physical substance, about its nutrition etc. Thus, the main message that is being delivered via Internet (including Internet advertising) is that brand Nescafe is so diverse, that everyone can find something that suits him/her the best wether it is Necafe Colombie or Nescafe Gold. The message stimulates to try Nescafe and to match the desire with the available product brand. Finally, the third channel of communication is publicity. The latter is achieved by creating different kinds of informational grounds. It can be sponsorship of certain events that are covered by different types of media. It can be informational articles discussing the problem of coffee-drinking. It can also be different special events that are also covered in media.   For instance, in 2004 in England there was a contest the winners of which could experience a luxury balloon flight and stay in the country hotel house. The evnts was transmitted via TV. This was a great informational ground and thus the cause of publicity. The main message that is delivered via publicity is that Nescafe is a reliable trustworthy and responsible brand. Thus, drinking Nescafe one can be sure of its exceptional quality. In other words, publicity is aimed to ensure good reputation of Nescafe and ultimately to form a strong brand loyalty of customers. As for pricing, it is not dependent on the life cycle of the product. Coffee is a product with an extended life-cycle since the taste and the quality of it are unique, and the customers are usually loyal to the brand that can ensure the same quality taste over and over again. Therefore, the pricing of Nescafe is based upon its segmentation. Simply saying the premium segment brands such as Nescafe Gold, Nescafe cap Colombie, Nescafe Alta Rica cost more. They are aimed at elite target audience with more than average level of income. Similarly, there is also an offer for the lower income level people who cannot afford buying premium segment products.   This offer is called Nescafe Classic, which is substantially cheaper than brands mentioned before. Thus, we see that Nescafe pricing strategy is more of a marketing tool that allows to cover more of a target audience. Yet, the key target audience for Nescafe still remains people with more than average income segment that can afford buying elite products. In conclusion, it is important to say that Nescafe is aimed to embrace as big audience as possible. However, its primary focus is on younger people with middle and high income, who are self-confident, active and enjoy pleasure. The company positions its brand as the one giving tempting taste that you want to enjoy. Since the brand is designed to embrace wide circle of customers, the company uses differentiation while pricing the product, giving its customers the opportunity to choose from different types and sizes. The key messages that Nescafe is trying to deliver depends on the channel of communication. yet, the main messages emphasize Nescafe’s exceptional taste, reliability of the brand and its peculiarity varying on the subbrand, so that everyone can find something that suits him/her best. References Applbaum K. â€Å"The Marketing Era† Routledge, New York, 2004 Brown S. â€Å"Imagining Marketing: Art, aesthetics and the avant-garde† Routledge, London, 2000 Cateora P. †International Marketing†, 7th ed. Irwin, Homewood, IL, 1990 Laforet S. (1999)  «Managing Brand Portfolios: Why Leaders Do What They Do† In Journal of Advertising Research, vol.39, p.23 Parsons A. (1996) â€Å"Nestle; The visions of local managers† In The McKinsey Quarterly, no.2, pp.21-22 How to cite Promotion and Price Analysis, Essay examples

Essay on Family History My Family Essay Example For Students

Essay on Family History : My Family Essay Family History: I come from a big, loving, catholic family. We are all very close and friendly to each other and to the ones around us. Making friends comes easy and we tend to treat everyone like family. We see the good in everyone and welcome anyone with open arms. Anxiety, depression and alcoholism do run on both the maternal and paternal sides of my family. I have not been medically diagnosed with either depression or anxiety but I do present signs and symptoms of both. Unfortunately, my family does not believe in medical intervention such as therapy and medication when it comes to mental stability. Due to my family’s beliefs in such things, it is hard to seek support when it comes to getting help and treatment from them. Onset: I noticed I was different from everyone else when I realized that being home alone scared me. It was easier to be home during the week because I would work all day, go visit friends, or go home and sleep. I found it hard to be home on weekends because I did not have anything to keep me occupied. I felt my anxiety become a problem during the weekends. I would always find reasons to go home and visit my family. Once I was home my anxiety still would not subside. Although I was with family and that is what I wanted, I felt very secluded and alone. Even though I knew my family would be understanding, loving, and supportive about the situation, I did not want to taint my family with this new information about what had happened. I knew my family would try and understand and I would have their sympathy, but none of them have gone through something like this, so there was no way of relating. I found that I would seek attention and support from my family however, I felt it was not the attention or support . . that may trigger my PTSD symptoms. These therapy sessions have provided me with the tools and techniques needed to relieve stress before allowing it to affect my everyday life and relationship with loved ones. The medications I was directed to take are anti-depressants and anti-anxiety. I was directed to take anti-depressants once daily, this helps to regulate my mood, sleep and how I interact with people. I take my anti-anxiety medications as needed, this helps me to relax when I feel like I am in a situation I can not handle. This medication helps slow down my central nervous system, relieve anxiety, and helps to be able to take deep breathes. Fortunately, this treatment plan is designed to gradually help me learn to use the tools and techniques to cope on my own without the need of therapy and medications. Which will help me to live a healthy and care free life.

Mercedes Zuniga Essays - Education, Knowledge Sharing, Learning

Mercedes Zuniga Professor Norton English 1C 23 February 2017 Life Lessons School Taught Me In school one is expected to familiarize oneself with math, science, history and the English language. But s tudents are taught more than just lessons from a textbook. The life lessons learned at school are crucial , and are just as important as the required content one must learn in a classroom. School has been full of great experiences which has and conti nues to prepare me for future obstacles I will encounter throughout adulthood. The truth is, I have forgotten the Quadratic Formula, the number of bones in the body, and the date the Constitution was written but, I will never forget the lessons that have prepared me for life. Speaking the truth, making a difference, and moving ahead all contribute to the aspects of my everyday living. I know these teachings will make a large impact on me as I continue to mature and fo r that I am eternally grateful with all school has amounted to. Even though it goes unnoticed, teachers teach valuable life skills along with all the reading and doing sums in the classroom. A big lesson would be honesty because if one is honest one will be trusted. I learned that lies lead to consequence and a person's lies can make people question the truth of their statement s . For instance, I remember a time when I lied to my teacher about a dumb 9-1-1 call that had been made through the classroom's telephone while we were on recess. I lied and told my teacher I did not know who had placed the call when in reality I did, it was my best friend and I did not want to snitch on her. Because of this action of lying we were sent to the principal's office but since we were known as good students we were sent home that day with a warning. We insisted we would be good but the rest of the year our teacher had doubts about us. When one is a child, one simply just acts with out thinking of the end result but now as an adult, if I were to do that it would lead to serious consequences. Another good example of such would be the end of a marriage and/or the loss of a job. H onesty has a vast impact on oneself because it creates peace of mind and encourages relationships of trust. It is obvious that simply being honest makes life a lot easier. Another life lesson school taught me is the great significance of making a difference. For a long time, I was confused as to what I saw myself doing for the rest of my life after grade school. With the help and guidance of my teachers, I feel as though I have been called to teach. All teachers have directed me one way or another to a good path and have even taught me to become a better person, not only for myself, but also for others. My teachers have permanently prepared me for the future through impacting my views and understandings . T eachers promote creativity, develop character, and provide students with the skills they need to reach their potential and lead productive lives. I do not want to only work for a paycheck, I want to shape the lives of children and make a real impact on the youth. At the end of the day, what matters most is that teachers create a supportive classroom atmosphere in which they can inspire their students to become more confident , motivated, and effective lifelong learners while teaching the subject matter. My favorite elementary school teacher did all this with me, it is thanks to her that I have learned I want to make a difference just as she did with me and my classmates . She instilled values in me that will stay with me forever and have helped me make me who I am today. Since then I have been truly and completely dedicated to something, and that is to someday teach the young ones of tomorrow. To me, nothing seems quite as rewarding as knowing

Deformed Cloned Animals Research Paper Example

Deformed Cloned Animals Research Paper Example Deformed Cloned Animals Paper Deformed Cloned Animals Paper skin ,heart etc. there are many ethical concerns over therapeutic cloning because the embryos used to create the stem cells are destroyed. Stem cells can also be used to get organs for organ transplants. Genetically modified (GM) foods Cloning can also be used to genetically modify food crops so that they produce more seeds and better seeds and that dont get diseases. These foods are called genetically modified (GM) foods. There has been a lot of controversy over whether these foods should be consumed or not. Many scientists feel that if we eat these foods they can create many problems like diseases for us in the future. Thus, even though GM foods are available to us people are still in doubt as to whether they should consume them.UK has recently given the go ahead for farmers to grow GM crops. This has come after a long debate in the UK as to whether GM crops should be grown. US scientists are warning of a serious risk to human health after the discovery that traditional varieties of major American food crops are widely contaminated by DNA sequences from GM crops. Crops engineered to produce industrial chemicals and drugs GM crops could already be poisoning GM-free crops grown for food in the US. This has raised concern over GM crops all over the world. GM crops can also have a very bad impact on farmland wildlife due to the harmful chemicals that they produce. Should humans be cloned? Many people are very opposed to cloning humans. The U.S. Congress has passed a bill to ban human cloning which would make it a crime to even attempt human cloning and to ship, receive or import cloned embryos or products derived from them. Many people feel that it is unethical and immoral to clone humans. The human genome project which is researching the human genome plans to give scientists more information on human cloning. Last year advanced cell technologies in Worcester, Massachusetts announced that it had cloned a human embryo. An Italian doctor, Severino Antinori has said that he has cloned and implanted a human embryo in a womans uterus. Clonaid, an American company promise to clone a human baby for $200,000.cloning humans is still be very risky and needs more research. Researchers have not only cloned sheep like dolly but they have also cloned other animals like cats, monkeys, mice, goats, pigs, rabbits, etc. Attempts to clone other species have also been unsuccessful and very few cloned animals have survived. The genes of cloned mice are severely compromised and arent functioning properly. The same may happen if we clone humans. Religion also has to be taken into consideration if we want to clone humans. Many religions feel that we shouldnt clone people and play god. After the religious sect the Raelians claimed they had successfully given birth to the first cloned human baby, everyone in the US Congress agreed on the need for a ban on the practice. The Raelians believe that humans are created by aliens and are strong advocates of cloning. They say that they have already cloned a human child. Dolly the sheep Dolly the sheep was the world first cloned mammal. She has recently died at the age of 6.she had to be killed by lethal injection because she was suffering from lung cancer and severe arthritis. Although most sheep live to the age of 11 and 12 she died early. The postmortem indication indicated that she was quite normal apart from her cancer and arthritis. She was famously cloned by Dr. Ian Wilmut of the rosin institute, Edinburgh, Scotland. She was the first sheep to be cloned after 276 unsuccessful attempts .Dr. Wilmut himself isnt ruling out that Dollys arthritis was a symptom of her cloning origins. Dolly also had many problems with weight; she was very overweight and constantly on drugs. Her death reopens the debate on cloning and its problems. She is the worlds most famous cloned animal. The advantages of cloning Therapeutic cloning can solve the problems of many people who have defective organs or problems with their organs like lungs, liver, etc. by using stem cells to grow organs. Human clones can also be created to donate their organs. To prevent rejection of the new organs the cells used to generate stem cells and grow the organs can be taken from the patients themselves. Couples who cant have children due to sterility or other reasons can still have children who resemble them and are genetically identical to them through cloning. Even if the woman is sterile she can still have the child from her body if the scientists implant the embryo in her uterus. Cloning can be used to obtain treatments for diseases like Parkinsons disease, diabetes, heart disease, kidney aliments, cancer, hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, cystic fibrosis, etc. The techniques of cloning form an integral part in the effort to prepare advanced medicines for diagnosis, vaccines and for the treatment of various diseases. Thousands of patients benefit from these techniques. Hereditary diseases can also be prevented through cloning by detecting whether a baby has any diseases through its genes and preparing early for any disease which could even save its life. With cloning we can also have children with the characteristics of parents even if one parent suffers from a serious genetic illness. In this process the scientist who clones the child ensures that it gets that particular gene from the parent who does not have the illness. Doctors can also eliminate strands of DNA that cause deformation and diseases like Down syndrome to ensure that a healthy child is born. Animals can also be cloned with human genes so that their organs can be used for human transplants. E.g.: the British company IMUTRAN is mass producing hogs to donate organs. This has an added advantage because the organs will be cloned from animals and cannot be rejected. Animals that are endangered can be cloned to increase their numbers and be repopulated .Through cloning extinct animals may also be brought back. It will be a very significant achievement if this happens. Researchers are already trying to clone a frozen wooly mammoth. Extinct animals can be cloned through the cells that are in the bone marrow of their skeletons. We can also clone deceased pets. We may be able to clone many great people like Einstein, Newton and Aristotle for the benefit of mankind. e.g.: we could clone someone like Aristotle who, instead of practicing philosophy could be building rockets or solving the problems that mankind are facing. Human diseases can be researched by studying animal clones like mice which are genetically engineered to carry disease carrying mutation in their genes. Genetically modified animals are being produced in large numbers to produce drugs or proteins that are useful in medicine. e.g.: bacteria producing insulin for diabetic patients Cloning through genetic engineering will also give parents the right to choose what characteristics they want in their children to have. It is the parents ambition to want their children to have certain characteristics. Disadvantages of cloning Cloning can be immoral. Many religious groups and people believe that man should not play god. They also believe that genetic engineering is unnatural and people should not overstep their bounds. Many people also believe that cloning and genetic engineering are wrong because they generate dangerous attitudes towards children, especially those with disease. They also believe that children who are cloned are psychologically affected by it. Most species are interrelated by food chains in nature. Scientists think that introducing genetically modified animals to the wild will disrupt food chains. Cloning is very expensive and highly inefficient .more than 90% of cloning experiments fail to produce results. There is a very high failure rate due to many reasons. The main reason are due to the improper development of the egg with the newly transferred nucleus and the egg not being able to attach itself to the uterus wall. Cloned animals have higher rates of infection, disorders, die early and have many other problems. e.g.: about a third of cloned calves born alive died young and had poor health. Cloned animals have been found to be much bigger than normal animals and have abnormally large organs. Clones can have many defects e.g. cows that were cloned were less attentive and intelligent than normal cows. Cloning also causes imbalance in animals protein, hormone and fat levels. Sometimes scientists can make mistakes when modifying the genetic material of animals (imprinting genes) causing abnormalities. This can be a great risk with humans. Most imprinting errors occur when embryonic stem cells are being cultured in laboratories. Through cloning there is the possibility of compromising individuality, creativity and freedom. If each person is cloned many times there would be a lot of people who are alike, creating confusion. People would have nothing unique about them. The clones could even take over the identity of original people. Sometimes the women who are carrying the cloned embryos may themselves face pregnancy complications. Cloning will cause us to lose our diversity. The beauty of humanity lies in the differences between people. with cloning everyone would look the same, act the same and be the same Some people are resistant to certain diseases and others are not. This is usually through genes. If people were cloned and had the same genes then they would all be at risk of getting the same disease that they were all not resistant too and being wiped out. This could even happen to the entire human race if everyone on earth had the same genes. In a way it would be inhumane to clone people because clones will not be considered as individuals or humans. They will be considered as a persons property and may even be sold .It will be unethical to sell humans even if they are cloned humans. People may abuse cloning technology to do illegal and immoral things by creating clones for their own purposes. If a child was cloned and became disfigured due to some error the parents dreams will be shattered and they would have to try and get a child by cloning an embryo again. This way thousands of embryos will be destroyed. This is also the case with animal cloning. Researchers believe that it is unethical to destroy embryos that will eventually form children. e.g.: a cloned cow recently died weeks after its birth with a huge abnormality in blood pressure. The same could happen to human clones leading to questions over the ethics of cloning. Conclusion Cloning has both its advantages and disadvantages. I am not opposed to further research into human cloning to find out whether it will be possible to clone humans or not. I also feel that additional research should be done for animal cloning to see whether it should be continued. I am still not sure about the plans to start cloning humans. I fell that without doing proper research into the problems that are there in cloning and solving the problems we shouldnt start cloning humans. References http://english.people.com.cn/200108/01/eng20010801_76227.html globalchange.com/clonlink.htm

Profile of Joseph Lister, Father of Modern Surgery

Profile of Joseph Lister, Father of Modern Surgery English surgeon Joseph Lister  (April 5, 1827–February 10, 1912), Baron Lister of Lyme Regis, is considered the father of modern surgery for his  work developing sterilization procedures that saved countless lives. Lister pioneered the use of carbolic acid for sanitizing operating rooms and employed antiseptic surgical procedures to prevent deadly postoperative infections. Early Years Born on April 5, 1827 in Essex, England, Joseph Lister was the fourth of seven children born to Joseph Jackson Lister and Isabella Harris. Listers parents were devout Quakers, and his father was a successful wine merchant with scientific interests of his own: he invented the first achromatic microscope lens, an endeavor that earned him the honor of being elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. The young Listers love for science grew as he became fascinated with the microscopic world introduced to him by his father. Lister decided at an early age that he wanted to become a surgeon and thus prepared for this eventual career by delving into science and mathematics subjects at the Quaker schools he attended in London.   After entering the University of London in 1844, Lister earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1847 and a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery in 1852. Listers achievements during this time included serving as house surgeon at the University College Hospital of the University of London and being selected as a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. Research and Personal Life In 1854, Lister went to the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary in Scotland to study under the famous surgeon James Syme. Under Syme, Listers professional and personal life flourished: he met and married Symes daughter, Agnes, in 1856. Agnes was  invaluable as a wife and partner, assisting Joseph with  his medical research and laboratory experiments. Joseph Listers research was centered on inflammation and its impact on wound healing. He published a number of papers regarding muscle activity in the skin and eyes, coagulation of blood, and blood vessel engorgement during inflammation. Listers research led to his appointment as Regius Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow in 1859. In 1860, he was named a Fellow of the Royal Society. Implementation of Antisepsis By 1861, Lister was leading the surgical ward at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. During this time in history, surgery was performed only when absolutely necessary due to high death rates associated with infections. With little understanding of how germs like bacteria caused disease, surgical procedures were regularly performed in  unsanitary conditions. In an attempt to combat wound infections, Lister began to employ cleanliness techniques used by Florence Nightingale and others. This process involved keeping the environment clean, changing dressings, and washing hands. However, it was not until he read the works of  Louis Pasteur that Lister began to link germs with surgical wounds. While Lister was not the first to suggest that microorganisms were the cause of hospital associated diseases or that infections could be reduced through antiseptic methods, he was able to marry these ideas and effectively implement treatment for wound infections. In 1865, Lister began using carbolic acid (phenol), a substance used in sewage treatment, as an antiseptic to treat compound fracture wounds. These injuries were commonly treated by amputation, as they involved penetration of the skin and significant tissue damage. Lister used carbolic acid for hand washing and treatment of surgical incisions and dressings. He even developed an instrument for spraying carbolic acid into the air in the operating room. Lifesaving Antiseptic Success Listers first success case was  an eleven year old boy who had suffered injuries from a horse cart accident. Lister employed antiseptic procedures during treatment, then found that the boys fractures and wounds healed without infection. Further success ensued as nine of eleven other cases where carbolic acid was used to treat wounds showed no signs of infection. In 1867, three articles written by Lister were published in Londons weekly medical journal, The Lancet. The articles outlined Listers method of antiseptic treatment based on the germ theory. In August of 1867, Lister announced at the Dublin meeting of the British Medical Association that no deaths associated with blood poisoning or gangrene had occurred since antiseptic methods had been fully employed in his wards at Glasgows Royal Infirmary. Later Life and Honors In 1877, Lister assumed the chair of Clinical Surgery at Kings College in London and began practicing at Kings College Hospital. There, he continued to research ways to improve his antiseptic methods and develop new methods for treating injuries. He popularized the use of gauze bandages for wound treatment, developed rubber drainage tubes, and created ligatures made from sterile catgut for stitching wounds. While Listers ideas of antisepsis were not immediately accepted by many of his peers, his ideas eventually gained nearly worldwide acceptance. For his outstanding achievements in surgery and medicine, Joseph Lister was ennobled a Baronet by Queen Victoria  in 1883 and  received  the title Sir Joseph Lister. In 1897, he was made Baron Lister of Lyme Regis and awarded the Order of Merit by King Edward VII in 1902. Death and Legacy Joseph Lister retired in 1893 following the death of his beloved wife Agnes. He later suffered a stroke, but was still able to consult on treatment for King Edward VIIs appendicitis surgery in 1902. By 1909, Lister had lost the ability to read or write. Nineteen years after the passing of his wife, Joseph Lister died on February 10, 1912 at Walmer in Kent, England. He was 84 years old. Joseph Lister revolutionized surgical practices by applying the germ theory to surgery. His willingness to experiment with new surgical techniques led to the development of antiseptic methods that focused on keeping wounds free of pathogens. While changes have been made to Listers antisepsis methods and materials, his antiseptic principles remain the foundation for todays medical practice of asepsis (total elimination of microbes) in surgery. Joseph Lister Fast Facts Full Name: Joseph ListerAlso Known As: Sir Joseph Lister, Baron Lister of Lyme RegisKnown For: First to implement antiseptic method in surgery; father of modern surgeryBorn: April 5, 1827 in Essex, EnglandParents Names: Joseph Jackson Lister and Isabella HarrisDied: February 10, 1912 in Kent, EnglandEducation: University of London, Bachelor of Medicine and SurgeryPublished Works: On a New Method of Treating Compound Fracture, Abscess, etc. with Observation on the Conditions of Suppuration (1867); On the Antiseptic Principle in the Practice of Surgery (1867); and Illustrations of the Antiseptic System of Treatment in Surgery (1867)Spouse Name: Agnes Syme (1856-1893)Fun Fact: Listerine mouthwash and the bacterial genus Listeria were named after Lister Sources Fitzharris, Lindsey. The Butchering Art: Joseph Listers Quest to Transform the Grisly World of Victorian Medicine. Scientific American / Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017. Gaw, Jerry L. A Time to Heal: the Diffusion of Listerism in Victorian Britain. American Philosophical Society, 1999. Pitt, Dennis, and Jean-Michel Aubin. Joseph Lister: Father of Modern Surgery. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Oct. 2012, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3468637/. Simmons, John Galbraith. Doctors and Discoveries: Lives That Created Todays Medicine.  Houghton Mifflin, 2002.

Developing Manager Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Developing Manager - Assignment Example In this respect, it can be recognised that the company follows transformational style of leadership and management However, in the present competitive business scenario, the company is identified to face different unavoidable challenges relative to its employment aspect, ineffective customer services, lack of appropriate advertisement and pricing policies. The company also faced immense challenges in meeting the requirements of disabled customers. In this regard, there are several management and leadership styles that can be adopted by the company in order to effectively deal with the identified challenges and issues. Few prominent leadership styles that can be integrated by the company are discussed below: Leaders following authoritarian leadership style develop effective policies and ensure that the employees conduct their operations in accordance with the formulated policies. The leaders develop policies along with procedures on the basis of which employees should be managed. Additionally, the leaders are also entrusted with the responsibility of determining that the objectives are accomplished suitably. The leaders scrutinise the activities of the employees and in this regard, the employees are unable to perform in an autonomous manner (SAGE Publications, 2012). Contextually, this leadership might be suitable for Ryanair as the leaders will possess utmost authority is devising policies, values, missions and visions that are to be accomplished in order to ensure that the company performs effectively along with better profitability. However, this leadership style is identified to develop hostile situation due to conflicts, employee turnover and guarded communication among others. Res pectively, this leadership style might not be efficient in improving the productivity of the company owing to the challenges it faces presently (Warrick,

Equality Legislation in the Labour Market Essay

Equality Legislation in the Labour Market - Essay Example We know that Equality Legislation plays a vital role for the success of any organization. We need equality in the labour market due to the advantages it provides to the employee as well as the organization on the whole. We would look at few of the General Equality Legislation that exists in Scotland and see as to how it benefits the organizations. As from 6th April 2003, subject to regulations, parents and others (such as guardians) who are responsible for looking after children aged under 6 (or under 18 if the child is disabled) have the legal right to ensure that requests they make for flexible working arrangements (such as part-time work or work at home) are taken seriously by their employers. The request must be to enable the employee to care for the child and an important condition is that the employee must have been employed in his job for at least 6 months to be eligible. (See source 2 for the knowing the source of this legislation.) These regulations introduced new rights for part-time workers. Two amendments came into force on 1st October 2002. These cover Comparators (Regulation 2) and Access to Occupational Pension Schemes (Regulation 8(8). The part-time workers regulations ensure that Britain's part-timers are not treated less favorably than comparable full-timers in their terms and conditions, unless it is specifically justified. This means that part-timers are entitled, for example, to: There is no neeThe same hourly rate of pay The same access to company pension schemes The same entitlements to annual leave and maternity / parental leave on a pro rata basis, The same entitlement to contractual sick pay, and No less favorable treatment in access to training (See source 2 for knowing the source of this legislation) Advantages of partime workers Effective labour tool for managing costs In the last decade the industry has expanded to offer employees for office, industrial, technical, medical, and engineering fields. There is no need for extra fringe benefits as in January of 1985 Federal civil service regulations were changed to permit the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) to hire temporary workers for up to 4 years without providing fringe benefits. Part-time employees can be an excellent staffing option for small or young businesses, due to the potential for flexibility and the relatively low cost. Part-time workers necessarily work fewer hours, so will cost less in wages. In addition, part-time employees typically do not qualify for company-sponsored benefits. Sample Equality Legislation 3: Equal Treatment